Thursday, February 25, 2010
Zaid Hamid’s connection with yusuf kazzab? ( who claimed to be 2nd return of Muhammad SAW ( Nauz Billah)
The Separation of East Pakistan [1971]
The Separation of East Pakistan, 1971 |
The physical separation of a thousand miles between the two wings without a common border, and being surrounded by Indian territory and influences, led to constant political, economic and social conflicts between the two wings; embittering relations bringing the country on the verge of collapse.
As a result of the separation of its Eastern Wing, Pakistan's international credit was depleted and the military, being its most powerful institution, suffered a lot. To some, the very concept of Pakistan as the homeland for the Muslims in Southeast Asia no longer appeared valid.
Trouble started right at the inception of Pakistan in 1947. Almost immediately, East Pakistan claimed that as their population (55 percent as compared to 45 percent in the West) was greater, they were in a majority. Democratically, the Federal Capital, therefore, should have been in Dhaka and not in Karachi.
Since Karachi was the seat of the National Government; ministers, government officials and industrialists exerted immense influence on national and regional affairs, which brought them many benefits. But the East Pakistanis were unable to extract the same kind of advantages, as they were a thousand miles away from the Capital. Moreover, the Capital initially attracted wealthy industrialists, businessmen, administrators, doctors and other professionals who had fled from India.
Mukti Bahini |
Secondly, Bengalis resented the vast sums of foreign exchange earned from the sale of jute from East, which were being spent on defense. They questioned how the expenditure for the Kashmir cause would be justified, when it could otherwise have been productively used to build dams and barriers to control floods, eradicate poverty and illiteracy, and supply food and shelter for the ever-growing population in East Pakistan.
Thirdly, the people of the East believed that it was sheer regional prejudice that all white-collar jobs were taken by West Pakistanis.
Many mistakes were made early in the short history of Pakistan. There lived in East Pakistan about 15 million Hindus who, with the help of their fellow West Bengali Indians from across the border, were able to exploit East-West differences that emerged as a result of these mistakes. Grievances were exaggerated to foster anti-West Pakistani feelings that eventually created Bengali Nationalism and separatist tendencies. Bengali political leaders went around depicting the Central Government and West Pakistan as hostile exploiters. However, no effective efforts were made by the Government to check these anti-national trends.
Awami League, formed in 1951, was headed by Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman. He had always been an ardent Bengali nationalist. He began to attract popular support from Bengalis in East Pakistan. He put forward his Six Points that demanded more autonomy for the Provinces in general, and East Pakistan in particular. He was arrested in April 1966, and soon released, only to be rearrested and imprisoned in June the same year. He languished in prison until February 1969.
General Niazi signs the document of surrender to General Aurora |
In all his election speeches, Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman reiterated his demand for implementation of his Six Points and provincial autonomy plans.
The 1970 elections were postponed from October to December due to heavy floods that caused immense destruction and havoc in East Pakistan. The sheer enormity of the disaster attracted worldwide attention. This gave Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman a golden opportunity to have an international audience for his anti-West Pakistan feelings, which he accused of brutal callousness. The Awami League gained much sympathy and benefit out of this suffering, and Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman and his people were portrayed on the international scene as victims of West Pakistan's indifference.
In the general elections held in December 1970, the Awami League achieved an overwhelming victory. They captured 167 seats, the highest number in East Pakistan and overall. In the West, the Pakistan Peoples Party had won 85 seats. The way was now open to draw up a new Constitution.
The Awami League, now overwhelmingly victors, stood firm on its Six Points plan and refused to compromise on that issue. The Peoples Party in the West maintained that the Six Points Program did not really permit a genuine federation. It was in fact a unique constitutional proposal that proposed a federation that had power only over defense and foreign policy.
The ''Instrument of Surrender'' |
Mujib-ur-Rahman launched a non-cooperation movement. The civil administration was totally paralyzed. All government and educational institutions were closed. People were asked not to pay any taxes. The transport system came to a standstill. Factories and shops were shut. All government activities between both the Wings ceased. The Awami League setup a parallel government. Gangs of local Awami League freedom fighters, known as Mukti Bahini, led violent demonstrations and howled racial and anti-West Pakistan slogans, inciting the people to more violence.
Amidst these disturbances, Genaral Yahya decided to convene the National Assembly in March 1971. But Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman unexpectedly put forward other demands such as the immediate lifting of Martial Law and power transfer to the elected representatives of the people, prior to the National Assembly session.
Unfortunately, on March 23, the Republic Day of Pakistan, the Awami League declared "Resistance Day" and Bangladesh flags flew all over the Province. There was a great massacre. East Pakistan had reached a point of no return. To quash the armed rebellion of Awami League militants, the Pakistan Army struck its first blow on March 27, 1971. Yahya Khan chose to use force to bring law and order in the country.
On December 10, 1971, the first feeler for surrender in East Pakistan was conveyed to the United Nations. On December 17, 1971, a formal surrender was submitted and accepted. Forty five thousand troops and an almost equal number of civilians of West Pakistan were taken as prisoners of war. The text of the Instrument of Surrender document was as follows: "INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER" The PAKISTAN Eastern Command agree to surrender all PAKISTAN Armed Forces in BANGLA DESH to Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA, General Officer Commanding in Chief of the Indian and BANGLA DESH forces in the Eastern Theatre. This surrender includes all PAKISTAN land, air and naval forces as also all para-military forces and civil armed forces. These forces will lay down their arms and surrender at the places where they are currently located to the nearest regular troops under the command of Lieutenant- General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA. The PAKISTAN Eastern Command shall come under the orders of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA as soon as this instrument has been signed. Disobedience of orders will be regarded as a breach of the surrender terms and will be dealt with in accordance with the accepted laws and usages of war. The decision of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA will be final, should any doubt arise as to the meaning or interpretation of the surrender terms. Lieutenant- General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA gives a solemn assurance that personnel who surrender will be treated with dignity and respect that soldiers are entitled to in accordance with the provisions of the GENEVA Convention and guarantees the safety and well-being of all PAKISTAN military and para-military forces who surrender. Protection will be provided to foreign nationals, ethnic minorities and personnel of WEST PAKISTAN origin by the forces under the command of Lieutenant- General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA. Signed: (JAGJIT SINGH AURORA) Lieutenant-General General Officer Commanding in Chief Indian and BANGLA DESH Forces in the Eastern Theatre (AMIR ABDULLAH KHAN NIAZI) Lieutenant-General Martial Law Administrator Zone B and Commander Eastern Command (PAKISTAN) 16 December 1971" The surrender led to the disintegration of East and West Pakistan and the establishment of Bangladesh. After 25 years, the East Pakistanis declared themselves independent and renamed their Province as Bangladesh. Pakistan finally recognized Bangladesh at the Islamic Conference in Lahore on February 22, 1974.In the meantime, India exploited Pakistan's dilemma to the full. It sought to wring full propaganda and strategic value for itself out of the Bengali suffering and misery. India launched an attack on East Pakistan on November 22, 1971. The use of modern Soviet missiles, geographical separation by a thousand miles lying across the hostile Indian territory, and the collusion of Mukti Bahini and the Indian Army, made Pakistan's military defeat in the East almost certain.
Seventeenth Amendment
Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003
A Bill further to amend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
WHEREAS it is expedient further to amend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan for the purposes hereinafter appearing;
It is hereby enacted as follows:-
1. | Short title and commencement:
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2. | Amendment of Article 41 of the Constitution: In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, hereinafter referred to as the Constitution, in Article 41,
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3. | Amendment of Article 58 of the Constitution: In the Constitution, in Article 58, after clause (2), the following new clause shall be added, namely:-
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4. | Amendment of Article 112 of the Constitution: In the Constitution, in Article 112, after clause (2), the following new clause shall be added, namely:-
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5. | Omission of Article 152 A of the Constitution: In the Constitution, Article 152 A shall be omitted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
6. | Substitution of Article 179 of the Constitution: In the Constitution, for Article 179, the following shall be substituted, namely:
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7. | Substitution of Article 195 of the Constitution: In the Constitution, for Article 195, the following shall be substituted, namely:
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8. | Amendment of Article 243 of the Constitution: In the Constitution, in Article 243, in clause (3), for the words "in his discretion" the words "in consultation with the Prime Minister" shall be substituted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
9. | Amendment of Article 268 of the Constitution: In the Constitution, in Article 268, in clause (2), for the full stop at the end, a colon shall be substituted and thereafter the following proviso shall be added, namely: Provided that the laws mentioned at entries 27 to 30 and entry 35 in the Sixth Schedule shall stand omitted after six years". | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
10. | Substitution of Article 270-AA of the Constitution: In the Constitution, for Article 270 AA, the following shall be substituted, namely:-
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Statement of objects and reasons:
This Bill seeks to amend Article 41, 58, 112, 152A, 179, 195, 243, 268 and 270 AA of the Constitution as under:-(a) | Article 41 is sought to be amended to add a proviso to paragraph (b) of clause (7) and after clause (7) amended as aforesaid, new clauses (8) and (9) have been added. Clause (8) provides for vote of confidence in the President and clause (9) empowers the Federal Government to make rules for conducting vote of confidence. |
(b) | Article 58 is sought to be amended to the effect that on dissolution of the National Assembly in terms of paragraph (b) of clause (2) of Article 58, the President shall refer the matter to the Supreme Court. |
(c) | Article 112 is also being amended on the lines of amendment proposed in Article 58. |
(d) | Article 152 A is proposed to be omitted. |
(e) | Article 179 is proposed to be substituted. |
(f) | Article 195 is proposed to be substituted. |
(g) | The amendment in Article 243 substitutes the expression "in his discretion" with the expression "in consultation with the Prime Minister". |
(h) | The amendment in clause (2) of Article 268 seeks to omit entries 27 to 30 and entry 35 in the Sixth Schedule after six years. |
(i) | Article 270 AA is to be substituted for providing affirmation and continuation of all laws made and actions taken between the twelfth day of October , 1999, and the day on which this Article comes into force. |
Source:: The Daily Times, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/, December 30, 2003
Source:: Dawn - Internet Edition, http://www.dawn.com/, December 30, 2003, quoting APP.
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
Where Is UN... GAZA Massacres
Monday, February 22, 2010
Dubai murder strains Israel ties
Tensions between Israel and its European allies have mounted in the wake of the murder of Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, a senior Hamas commander, in a Dubai hotel room. youtube video `````````````````VIDEO```````````````````````` The January 19 killing, which Dubai police have linked to Mossad, the Israeli spy agency, has caused concern in Europe as suspects in the murder apparently used European passports to travel to Dubai. British media on Friday reported that UK intelligence authorities had warned in a "courtesy call" that British passports would be used in an operation, but that the target was not revealed to them. The Daily Mail newspaper quoted a security source as saying: "There was no British involvement and they didn't know the name of the target. But they were told these people were travelling on UK passports." UK officials have previously said they knew nothing about the operation until the Dubai authorities released details of the assassination. Identities 'stolen' Forged British, Irish, German and French documents were used by 11 people named by the United Arab Emirates as suspects.
At least six of the names released by Dubai authorities match those of Israeli-British citizens, all of whom deny any connection to the killing. Speaking to Al Jazeera, Robert Fisk, the British journalist, said that the use of the passports should be a cause for concern, but that the UK was unlikely to pursue the issue too far. "At the end of the day, relations with Israel matter more than the murder of a Hamas man, even though the rights of British citizens have been infringed and endangered by the use of their passports," he said. "We want to know how these passports left the hands of the UK authorities, not just how they got into the hands of what we presume is Israel. "This is a very serious matter because the lives of every European are now being impinged upon by this case ... How do European countries guard their own citizens when this happens?" Ambassadors summoned The UK and Irish governments on Thursday summoned the respective Israeli ambassadors to explain the use of the passports. David Miliband, the British foreign minister, described the use of six British passports as an "outrage". Paris also demanded an explanation of how a French passport came to be among those used by the suspects. "We are asking for explanations from Israel's embassy in France over the circumstances of the use of a fake French passport in the assassination of a Hamas member in Dubai," the French foreign ministry said in a news briefing. Israel has insisted it maintains a "policy of ambiguity" on intelligence matters. Lieutenant General Dahi Khalfan, the Dubai police chief, who said he was "99 per cent" certain that Mossad were behind the assassination, said Meir Dagan, who heads Mossad, should be arrested if the agency is shown to be behind the killing. "If the Mossad were proven to be behind the crime, which is most likely now, Interpol should issue a Red Notice for the head of the Mossad because he would be a killer," he said in an interview with Dubai TV. 'Frame-up' Police in Dubai have already released closed-circuit television footage of 11 individuals believed to have been involved in the killing of al-Mabhouh at the Al-Bustan hotel. Eighteen people are now thought to have been involved in the assassination. But Rami Igrah, a former Mossad unit leader, told Al Jazeera the assassination appeared to be a "frame-up" and that it "looks like somebody is trying to delegitimise Israel again". "I have to cast doubts on everybody's tendencies to attribute this operation to Mossad," he told Al Jazeera. "There are several elements in this story. The first thing, these guys didn't miss an opportunity for a photo op in Dubai. The second, more disturbing, seven Israeli citizens found themselves running to Israeli television stations and saying these are our names on these passports. "Thirdly, there are two Palestinians arrested in Jordan and deported to Dubai and at least one Palestinian belonging to Hamas arrested in Damascus in conjunction with this operation. And all of us know it is very easy to go to the internet and steal anybody's identity if we are a professional organisation. "On these standings alone, I would cast doubt on everybody's conviction [that] this is the Mossad. It doesn't look like the Mossad." | ||||||||||
Summary: Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual – 1983, CIA
This article summarises the controversial CIA Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual of 1983. The methods of interrogation of CIA have always been subject of controversy and their methods often utilize techniques which are not suitable for questioning from human point of view.
Although, in other countries, the use of force, pain and physical punishment is common, but USA is more in limelight as it ignores the rights of people and countries, imposes war on them and and then tortures their people. In this way, the developed hatred helps people find out the way prisoners are mistreated and questioned by US military and CIA. Have a look at the pictures on the left, do you think that they were abiding by this manual. To give you more evidence of US Military torture, watch these three videos shown below:
http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-5511717742437253654
http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-1152672679054212861
http://www.democracynow.org/2008/12/3/us_interrogator_in_iraq_says_torture
We now start the summary of the manual that lists the most important part which is about Coercive Techniques:
Prohibition Against Force:
The use of force, mental torture, threats, insults or exposure to inhumane treatment is not allowed by international and domestic law and should not be used as it also gives unreliable results. Having used force, it is also the possibility that the subject may later give adverse publicity to the methods used for interrogation.
Thursday, February 18, 2010
Human Rights Violations in Indian Held Kashmir
Ironically, human rights are violated on large scale in the so-called world’s largest democracy. To crush the Kashmiri Liberation movement, India has employed various techniques including black laws. Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA), Terrorist and Disruptive Activities Act 1990 (TADA) and Armed Forces Special Powers Act 1990, (AFSPA) are enforced in Kashmir despite the fact that they contravenes the Indian Constitution and international law. These laws violate the basic human rights such as right to life, the right to liberty and security of the person and the right to remedy. The Armed Forces (Jammu & Kashmir) Special Powers enforced on 10 September, 1990 authorized even a non-commissioned officer to search any place, fire at any person (and kill), or arrest on the basis of suspicion. TADA gives security forces and armed forces special powers for unauthorized administrative detention without formal charges or trial for up to one year. Under POTA, any person can be put into prison for not disclosing the information that can prevent an act of terrorism.
The International humanitarian organizations such as Amnesty International condemned these draconian laws. According to Amnesty International TADA gives a license to kill. Wide powers of arrest granted under TADA, combined with the absence of fundamental legal safeguards for detainees, create a climate, which encourages abuse of power and facilitates illegal and secret detention. AFSPA violates provisions of International human rights law, including the right to life, the right to remedy and the rights to be free from arbitrary deprivation of liberty and from torture and cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Amnesty International is of the view that the POTA continue to be used to detain political opponents and members of minority populations.
Currently, 700,000 Indian army troops are deployed in occupied Kashmir to crush the Kashmiri freedom movement. The Indian occupational forces have killed more than 91,168 innocent Kashmiris, 38,450 rendered disable or crippled for life and 30,000 women have been raped and molested. More than 105,238 hoses and shops have been destroyed and 106,755 have become orphaned in Jammu and Kashmir, since 1989. According to the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons 8,000 to 10,000 Kashmiris disappeared mysteriously in Indian Held Kashmir from 1989-2008 while the Asian Centre for Human Rights put the figure at six thousand. Up till July 2006 number of innocent Kashmiris in Indian custody accounted to 3,735.
The condition of Kashmiris detained in different jails of the occupied Kashmir is worse than that of those in Abu Gharib prison in Iraq. The interrogation methods and manners used in these jails are ghastly. Lord Eric Aveybury, Chairman, British Parliamentary Human Rights Group has described Indian atrocities as, “The atrocities committed by Indian imperialists in occupied Kashmir surpass brutalities of apartheid regime in South Africa or of Nazis 50 years ago”.
Arundhati Roy, a well respected Indian writer, while speaking in New York in May 2006, said: “The biggest myth of all times is that India is a democracy. In reality, it is not. Several states in India are on the verge of civil war…. In the Kashmir valley alone, some 80,000 people have been killed. In Iraq, there are 1, 50,000 military personnel whereas in Kashmir valley there are some 7, 00,000”.
Human rights organizations are routinely denied permission to investigate in a free manner. Media-men are being attacked and arrested. Humanitarian relief is limited as external agencies are not being allowed to provide medical assistance and other relief materials. Recently, the Amnesty International has requested President Barack Obama to help end human rights abuses in IHK. Even a five member European Tribunal recently expressed dissatisfaction about the prevailing human rights situation in IHK and urged India to improve this situation.
Many cases of human rights violation stem from abuse of power under repressive laws and police/army brutality unleashed against the Kashmiri people. They are taken into custody for acts that are legitimized by international human rights standards of free speech, freedom of association and assembly, and freedom of the press. The Indian government’s failure to account for these abuses and to take rigorous action against its forces responsible for murder, rape and torture speaks volumes of its fake posture of secular and democratic state. These atrocities are true reflection of its policy of condoning human rights violations by the Indian security forces in Kashmir that needs to be addressed, the sooner the better.
Indus Water Treaty-1960 in Doldrums
Unfortunately, the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent is slipping into this new kind of war over the distribution of water as a resource. This is because the sources of all the five tributaries of the Indus - Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej remained in India. The dispute between India and Pakistan over water resources is rooted in history. Just after the partition of the subcontinent in 1948, Delhi stopped the flow of water from the canals on its side, denying water to some 8 per cent of the cultivated area. However, India agreed with Pakistan, which allowed for the continuation of water supplies for irrigation purposes until the Pakistani side managed to develop alternative water resources. As a result of World Banks constant efforts from 1952 to 1960, the Indus Water Treaty-1960 was signed, designed to regulate water use in the region. According to Indus Water Treaty of 1960, India has got the exclusive control over the waters of the Ravi, the Beas and the Sutlej, whereas Pakistan controls the waters of the Indus, the Jhelum and the Chenab. As the demand for water has increased by leaps and bounds, India is seeking maximum control over the sources of the supply of water of 3 western rivers, and thereby increasing the tension with Pakistan that share the claims over water.
The alarming situation again emerged in 1992, when India announced plans for the controversial water reservoir, the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River - allotted to Pakistan by the 1960 treaty. The Chenab is fed with glacial melt-waters from the Himalayas and for centuries has provided crucial irrigational system for the region. While the accord gave India full rights to use water from the eastern rivers by building dams and barrages, it allowed limited irrigation use of water from the western river earmarked for Pakistan. The Treaty barred India from interfering "with the water of these rivers except for domestic use and non-consumptive use, limited agriculture use and limited utilization for generation of hydro-electric power." The treaty also barred India from storing any water or constructing any storage works on the western rivers that would result in a reduced flow of water to Pakistan. According to Indus Water Treaty-1960, Pakistani position on the Chenab water issue has been that a minimum of 55,000 cusecs of water should flow into Pakistan at the Marala head-works near Sialkot in peak season; however, a flow of only 22,000 cusecs was recorded last year, adversely affecting the crops. However, during January 2010, the water flows in Chenab declined by 40 per cent to about 6,000 cusecs from a 10-year average of about 10,000 cusecs, mainly because of construction of hydropower projects upstream by India, reduction in rainfall and diversion of river waters. Most of the hydrologists are of the view that sharp water decline in flow of the river at Head-Marala in Pakistan is due to unauthorised direct water withdrawal by farmers in Jammu with the support of Indian authorities who had especially subsidized electricity for direct pumping in Jammu and Himachal Pradesh and diversion of Ravi-Tavi link canal. India used to irrigate 642,000 acres from western rivers by Ranbir and Pratap canals when the treaty became effective, but it had built five more canals over the past 10 years to increase the irrigated area. These include Kashmir canal system, high canal system in Jammu, Ravi-Tavi link irrigation system, Igo-phey canal in Leh and Kurbathang canal in Kargil. Pakistan has asked India to provide details of its agricultural acreage, crops and other projects to enable it to make plans in advance. Pakistan believes Baglihar dam on Chenab & Wullar barrage on Jhelum can be used as: (1) a geo-strategic weapon, (2) potential to disrupt the triple canal project of Pakistan, (3) badly affecting the Neelum-Jehlum hydro-power project, (4) setback to agriculture in Azad Kashmir and wheat production in Punjab, (5) drying of 5.6 million acres of lands of Punjab province, (6) depriving Pakistan of water up to 7000 cusecs per day, (7) neglecting the seismic activity in the area (Murree-Jhelum faulty lines).
In order to resolve the challenges judiciously, India must reconsider its decision of suspending the composite dialogue between India and Pakistan. India’s delaying tactics to restart the stalled bilateral negotiations on one pretext or the other are simply alienating the two nations further and are also not in the interest of India itself. Any major upstream alteration in a river system, should be negotiated, not imposed as in case of Indian water overtures on rivers Chenab and Jhelum. The Governments of India and Pakistan should look beyond national borders to basin-wide cooperation. A similar situation arose between India and Pakistan on the Salal Dam issue, but the matter was finally resolved through bilateral negotiations and conclusion of Salal Dam Treaty in 1978. As the Salal Dam issue was resolved through talks, given the will, the Baghliar Dam issue can also be settled. Pakistan had asked India to proportionately reduce their water use on its side when river water declined abnormally. Pakistan maintains that India, under the treaty, can store water but it cannot divert it to any other side. Thus, any diversion would violate the provisions of the IWT-1960. And once the issues related to water are discussed and settled, it can assist in easing tension between the two nuclear-armed neighbours. It is high time that both India & Pakistan should forego their vested interests for the overall prosperity of the region. The international community can play an instrumental role in coaxing India to resume dialogue process between India and Pakistan – so critical for the stability of the South Asia.